{
  "_id": "6abebb1099f7aa8c6aa57421",
  "Package": "DEA",
  "Version": "1.0.3",
  "Date": "2026-09-28",
  "Title": "Data Envelopment Analysis",
  "Type": "Package",
  "Authors@R": "c(person(\"David\", \"Bernstein\",\nemail = \"davebernstein1@gmail.com\", role = c(\"aut\", \"cre\"),\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-2267-5741\")),\nperson(\"Zuleyka\", \"Diaz-Martinez\", role = \"aut\"),\nperson(\"Jose\", \"Fernandez-Menendez\", role = \"aut\"))",
  "Maintainer": "David Bernstein <davebernstein1@gmail.com>",
  "Description": "Nonparametric efficiency measurement by data envelopment\nanalysis. Provides radial (Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes and\nBanker-Charnes-Cooper) technical efficiency under constant,\nvariable, non-increasing and non-decreasing returns to scale,\nthe slacks-based measure of Tone (2001), the additive model of\nCharnes and others (1985), and the directional distance\nfunction of Chambers, Chung and Fare (1996), all through one\ninterface and one result object.  Efficiency estimates are\naccompanied by peers, slacks, returns-to-scale classification,\nscale efficiency and the optimal multipliers, and by\nbias-corrected estimates and confidence intervals from the\nsmoothed homogeneous bootstrap of Simar and Wilson (1998),\nwhich also supplies a test of constant returns to scale for the\nsample as a whole (Simar and Wilson, 2002).  Where prices are\nknown, cost, revenue and Nerlovian profit efficiency separate\nthe technical component from the allocative one; where they are\nnot, cross-efficiency with the secondary goals of Doyle and\nGreen (1994) ranks units that a self-appraisal leaves tied.\nThis package succeeds the archived 'DEA' package of\nDiaz-Martinez and Fernandez-Menendez (2008).",
  "License": "GPL (>= 2)",
  "Language": "en-US",
  "URL": "https://www.davidharrybernstein.com/software,\nhttps://github.com/davidhbernstein/DEA",
  "BugReports": "https://github.com/davidhbernstein/DEA/issues",
  "LazyLoad": "yes",
  "LazyData": "true",
  "NeedsCompilation": "no",
  "VignetteBuilder": "knitr",
  "Config/testthat/edition": "3",
  "Repository": "https://davidhbernstein.r-universe.dev",
  "Date/Publication": "2026-10-01 16:08:49 UTC",
  "RemoteUrl": "https://github.com/davidhbernstein/dea",
  "RemoteRef": "HEAD",
  "RemoteSha": "e2c20717abe3a05270469d7f0448ac44c4e0829a",
  "Packaged": {
    "Date": "2026-10-01 19:49:17 UTC",
    "User": "root"
  },
  "Author": "David Bernstein [aut, cre] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-5741>),\nZuleyka Diaz-Martinez [aut],\nJose Fernandez-Menendez [aut]",
  "_user": "davidhbernstein",
  "_type": "src",
  "_file": "DEA_1.0.3.tar.gz",
  "_fileid": "https://r2.ropensci.org/5ada5c3b4b11c31e23b9e04757bbfa9040cc2b22a7ca6595f509a4ec472fadf3",
  "_filesize": 824977,
  "_sha256": "5ada5c3b4b11c31e23b9e04757bbfa9040cc2b22a7ca6595f509a4ec472fadf3",
  "_expires": "2027-01-09T19:57:02.000Z",
  "_created": "2026-10-01T19:49:17.000Z",
  "_published": "2026-10-01T19:57:04.360Z",
  "_jobs": [
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  "_host": "GitHub-Actions",
  "_buildurl": "https://github.com/r-universe/davidhbernstein/actions/runs/36916591988",
  "_status": "success",
  "_upstream": "https://github.com/davidhbernstein/dea",
  "_commit": {
    "id": "e2c20717abe3a05270469d7f0448ac44c4e0829a",
    "author": "David Bernstein <davebernie89@yahoo.com>",
    "committer": "David Bernstein <davebernie89@yahoo.com>",
    "message": "Add subsampling intervals, the m out of n bootstrap\n\ndea_subsample(): Simar and Wilson (2011).  dea_boot() resamples all n\nobservations, and for a boundary estimator that is not known to be consistent --\nthe score's limiting distribution is driven by how many observations land near\nthe frontier, and an n-out-of-n resample reproduces the sample's own boundary\nrather than the population's.  Subsampling draws m < n without replacement,\nrescales by the rate dea_rate() already knows, and inverts.\n\nIt also closes a loop: dea_boot() refused rts = \"fdh\" and pointed at the\nsubsampling scheme of Jeong and Simar (2006) as not implemented.  It now is.\n\nTHE RESULT IS THREE FINDINGS, NOT ONE.  100 replications against dea_sim()'s\nclosed-form truth, output-oriented vrs, nominal 95%, both methods on the same fit\nevery replication:\n\n                            coverage  frontier  interior  width\n    n=50   dea_boot            0.814     0.794     0.819  0.170\n    n=50   dea_subsample       0.811     0.602     0.871  0.157\n    n=200  dea_boot            0.879     0.710     0.897  0.089\n    n=200  dea_subsample       0.925     0.695     0.950  0.097\n\n1. At n = 200 it works and it is the INTERIOR that improves: +0.046 paired, se\n   0.0047, t = 9.8, interior coverage 0.950 against a nominal 0.95.  That is the\n   largest documented inference weakness in this package closed rather than\n   narrowed.\n2. At n = 50 nothing resolves (-0.003, t = -0.50).  The method needs the sample\n   size its own asymptotics ask for.\n3. It NEVER helps the frontier DMUs.  That is the method's cost, not a fault:\n   scoring a point against a subsample can be infeasible, and the burden falls on\n   the units the fit calls efficient -- 58-60% of their draws lost at m = n^0.4\n   against 23-27% for the interior, worst case 97%.  A smaller m makes that worse\n   at exactly the rate that makes the asymptotics better.\n\nSo n_valid is reported per DMU, an interval needs ceiling(2/alpha) valid draws or\ncomes back NA with a w",
    "time": 1790870929
  },
  "_maintainer": {
    "name": "David Bernstein",
    "email": "davebernstein1@gmail.com",
    "orcid": "0000-0002-2267-5741"
  },
  "_distro": "resolute",
  "_registered": true,
  "_dependencies": [
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      "package": "R",
      "version": ">= 4.0.0",
      "role": "Depends"
    },
    {
      "package": "lpSolveAPI",
      "role": "Imports"
    },
    {
      "package": "stats",
      "role": "Imports"
    },
    {
      "package": "graphics",
      "role": "Imports"
    },
    {
      "package": "utils",
      "role": "Imports"
    },
    {
      "package": "knitr",
      "role": "Suggests"
    },
    {
      "package": "rmarkdown",
      "role": "Suggests"
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    {
      "package": "parallel",
      "role": "Suggests"
    },
    {
      "package": "grDevices",
      "role": "Suggests"
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  ],
  "_owner": "davidhbernstein",
  "_selfowned": true,
  "_usedby": 0,
  "_updates": [
    {
      "week": "2026-35",
      "n": 7
    },
    {
      "week": "2026-37",
      "n": 2
    },
    {
      "week": "2026-40",
      "n": 25
    }
  ],
  "_tags": [],
  "_topics": [
    "dea"
  ],
  "_stars": 2,
  "_contributors": [
    {
      "user": "davidhbernstein",
      "count": 31,
      "uuid": 26751000
    }
  ],
  "_userbio": {
    "uuid": 26751000,
    "type": "user",
    "name": "David Bernstein",
    "followers": 4,
    "description": "PhD Economist"
  },
  "_downloads": {
    "count": 314,
    "source": "https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/downloads/total/last-month/DEA"
  },
  "_devurl": "https://github.com/davidhbernstein/dea",
  "_searchresults": 6,
  "_rbuild": "4.6.1",
  "_assets": [
    "extra/citation.cff",
    "extra/citation.html",
    "extra/citation.json",
    "extra/citation.txt",
    "extra/contents.json",
    "extra/DEA.html",
    "extra/manual.pdf",
    "extra/NEWS.html",
    "extra/NEWS.txt",
    "extra/readme.html",
    "extra/readme.md"
  ],
  "_homeurl": "https://github.com/davidhbernstein/dea",
  "_realowner": "davidhbernstein",
  "_cranurl": true,
  "_releases": [
    {
      "version": "0.1-1",
      "date": "2008-01-29"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.1-2",
      "date": "2008-02-19"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "date": "2026-09-10"
    }
  ],
  "_exports": [
    "dea",
    "dea_add",
    "dea_boot",
    "dea_categorical",
    "dea_cone",
    "dea_cost",
    "dea_cross",
    "dea_ddf",
    "dea_malmquist",
    "dea_mult",
    "dea_nd",
    "dea_panel",
    "dea_profit",
    "dea_rate",
    "dea_reg",
    "dea_revenue",
    "dea_rts",
    "dea_rts_test",
    "dea_sbm",
    "dea_sim",
    "dea_subsample",
    "dea_undesirable",
    "dea_weak",
    "dea_wr",
    "efficiency",
    "multipliers",
    "peers",
    "slacks",
    "wr_bound",
    "wr_linear",
    "wr_ratio"
  ],
  "_datasets": [
    {
      "name": "charnes1981",
      "title": "Program Follow Through: the original data envelopment analysis data set",
      "object": "charnes1981",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "site",
        "pft",
        "x1",
        "x2",
        "x3",
        "x4",
        "x5",
        "y1",
        "y2",
        "y3"
      ],
      "rows": 70,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    }
  ],
  "_help": [
    {
      "page": "DEA-package",
      "title": "Data Envelopment Analysis",
      "topics": [
        "DEA-package"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "charnes1981",
      "title": "Program Follow Through: the original data envelopment analysis data set",
      "topics": [
        "charnes1981"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea",
      "title": "Radial technical efficiency",
      "topics": [
        "dea"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_add",
      "title": "Additive efficiency, and the weighted measures built on it",
      "topics": [
        "dea_add"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_boot",
      "title": "Bias correction and confidence intervals by the Simar-Wilson bootstrap",
      "topics": [
        "dea_boot",
        "plot.dea_boot",
        "print.dea_boot",
        "summary.dea_boot"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_categorical",
      "title": "Categorical environmental variables, as nested reference sets",
      "topics": [
        "dea_categorical",
        "print.dea_categorical",
        "summary.dea_categorical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_cost",
      "title": "Cost, revenue and profit efficiency",
      "topics": [
        "dea_cost",
        "dea_profit",
        "dea_revenue",
        "efficiency.dea_price",
        "fitted.dea_price",
        "nobs.dea_price",
        "peers.dea_price",
        "plot.dea_price",
        "print.dea_price",
        "summary.dea_price"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_cross",
      "title": "Cross-efficiency",
      "topics": [
        "dea_cross",
        "efficiency.dea_cross",
        "nobs.dea_cross",
        "plot.dea_cross",
        "print.dea_cross",
        "summary.dea_cross"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_ddf",
      "title": "Directional distance function",
      "topics": [
        "dea_ddf"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_malmquist",
      "title": "Panel data and the Malmquist productivity index",
      "topics": [
        "dea_malmquist",
        "dea_panel",
        "print.dea_malmquist",
        "print.dea_panel",
        "summary.dea_malmquist",
        "summary.dea_panel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_mult",
      "title": "The multiplicative, or piecewise Cobb-Douglas, model",
      "topics": [
        "dea_mult",
        "print.dea_mult",
        "summary.dea_mult"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_nd",
      "title": "Non-discretionary inputs and outputs",
      "topics": [
        "dea_nd",
        "print.dea_nd"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_reg",
      "title": "Two-stage efficiency regression (Simar and Wilson 2007)",
      "topics": [
        "dea_reg",
        "print.dea_reg",
        "summary.dea_reg"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_rts",
      "title": "Scale efficiency and returns to scale",
      "topics": [
        "dea_rts",
        "plot.dea_rts",
        "print.dea_rts",
        "summary.dea_rts"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_rts_test",
      "title": "Nonparametric test of returns to scale",
      "topics": [
        "dea_rts_test",
        "print.dea_rts_test",
        "summary.dea_rts_test"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_sbm",
      "title": "Slacks-based measure of efficiency",
      "topics": [
        "dea_sbm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_sim",
      "title": "Simulate a technology with known efficiency, and the rate it can be estimated at",
      "topics": [
        "dea_rate",
        "dea_sim",
        "plot.dea_sim",
        "print.dea_sim"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_subsample",
      "title": "Confidence intervals by the m out of n bootstrap",
      "topics": [
        "dea_subsample",
        "print.dea_subsample",
        "summary.dea_subsample"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_undesirable",
      "title": "Efficiency with undesirable outputs",
      "topics": [
        "dea_undesirable",
        "print.dea_undesirable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_weak",
      "title": "Weak disposability of undesirable outputs",
      "topics": [
        "dea_weak",
        "print.dea_weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea_wr",
      "title": "Weight restrictions, assurance regions and the cone-ratio model",
      "topics": [
        "c.dea_restriction",
        "dea_cone",
        "dea_wr",
        "print.dea_restriction",
        "print.dea_wr",
        "wr_bound",
        "wr_linear",
        "wr_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dea-methods",
      "title": "Methods for objects of class \"dea\"",
      "topics": [
        "efficiency",
        "efficiency.dea",
        "fitted.dea",
        "multipliers",
        "multipliers.dea",
        "multipliers.dea_cross",
        "nobs.dea",
        "peers",
        "peers.dea",
        "plot.dea",
        "print.dea",
        "slacks",
        "slacks.dea",
        "summary.dea"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "_readme": "https://github.com/davidhbernstein/dea/raw/HEAD/README.md",
  "_rundeps": [
    "lpSolveAPI"
  ],
  "_vignettes": [
    {
      "source": "intro_to_DEA.Rmd",
      "filename": "intro_to_DEA.html",
      "title": "Getting started with DEA",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "The data the model was introduced on",
        "A technology with a known answer",
        "Radial efficiency",
        "Slacks-based efficiency",
        "Directional distance",
        "Productivity over time",
        "Scale",
        "The part most DEA analyses leave out",
        "How fast can any of this converge?",
        "Ranking the units that tied",
        "When prices are known",
        "The weights themselves"
      ],
      "created": "2026-08-24 23:32:07",
      "modified": "2026-10-01 00:59:55",
      "commits": 5
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  ],
  "_score": 4.477121254719663,
  "_indexed": true,
  "_nocasepkg": "dea",
  "_universes": [
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      "buildurl": "https://github.com/r-universe/davidhbernstein/actions/runs/36916591988"
    }
  ]
}